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1 market closure
Реклама: закрытие операций на бирже -
2 закрытие операций на бирже
1) Economy: closing of stock, closing of the stock exchange2) Banking: closing of stock exchange3) Advertising: market closureУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > закрытие операций на бирже
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3 target
1) (a marked board or other object aimed at in shooting practice, competitions etc with a rifle, bow and arrow etc: His shots hit the target every time.) blanco2) (any object at which shots, bombs etc are directed: Their target was the royal palace.) blanco3) (a person, thing etc against which unfriendly comment or behaviour is directed: the target of criticism.) blancotarget n blanco / objetivotr['tɑːgɪt]1 (of missile, goal, aim) objetivo2 (in shooting, of criticism) blanco3 (board) diana1 (aim at target) apuntar2 (cause to have effect on) dirigir a, destinar a1 (date, figure) fijado,-a; (audience, market) objetivo\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto be on target ir de acuerdo a lo previstotarget language idioma nombre masculino de destinotarget practice prácticas nombre femenino plural de tiromoving target blanco móviltarget ['tɑrgət] vt: fijar como objetivo, dirigir, destinartarget n1) : blanco mtarget practice: tiro al blanco2) goal, objective: meta f, objetivo mn.• blanco s.m.• hito s.m.• mira s.f.• mirilla s.f.• objetivo s.m.
I 'tɑːrgət, 'tɑːgɪt1)a) ( thing aimed at) blanco m, objetivo m; ( Mil) objetivo m; ( board) ( Sport) diana fthe shot was right on/way off target — el tiro dio de lleno en el blanco/se desvió mucho
b) (of criticism, protest) blanco mhis criticisms were right on/way off target — sus críticas dieron en el blanco/iban totalmente desencaminadas
target FOR/OF something — blanco de algo
2) (objective, goal) objetivo mto set oneself a target — fijarse un objetivo or una meta
above/below target — por encima/debajo del objetivo previsto
to be on target — ir* de acuerdo a lo previsto (or al plan de trabajo etc); (before n) <date/figure> fijado; <area/zone> ( Mil) objetivo adj inv; <audience/market> ( Marketing) objetivo adj inv
II
a) ( select as target)ten mines have been targeted for closure — diez minas han sido identificadas como candidatas al cierre
b) (direct, aim) \<\<publicity/advertising\>\> dirigir*['tɑːɡɪt]1. N1) (Sport) blanco m, diana f ; (Mil) objetivo mhe missed the target — no dio en el blanco or la diana
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an easy target — (lit, fig) un blanco fácil•
a fixed target — un blanco fijo•
a moving target — un blanco móvil•
the shot was off target — (Ftbl, Hockey etc) el tiro iba desviado a gol•
the shot was on target — (Ftbl, Hockey etc) el tiro iba directo a gol•
a soft target — (lit, fig) un blanco fácil2) (=person on receiving end) [of criticism, remark] blanco m ; [of advertising] objetivo mhe has been the target of criticism over his handling of the affair — ha sido el blanco de las críticas por su manejo del asunto
this made him a prime target for blackmail — esto le convirtió en un blanco perfecto para el chantaje
3) (=objective) objetivo m, meta fproduction targets for 1980 — los objetivos or las metas de producción para 1980
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the project is on target for completion — el proyecto lleva camino de terminarse dentro del plazo previsto•
to set a target for sth — fijar un objetivo para algoto set o.s. a target — fijarse un objetivo
2. VT1) (Mil) [+ positions, installations] fijar como objetivo2) (=select, single out)cigarette companies seem to be targeting children intentionally — las tabacaleras parecen estar dirigiendo su publicidad a los niños deliberadamente
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to target sth/sb for sth, the government will target high earners for tax increases — el gobierno hará recaer la subida de los impuestos particularmente sobre aquellos con sueldos elevados3) (fig) (=aim)•
to target sth at sb/sth, products targeted at children — productos dirigidos a los niñosprograms targeted at reducing infant deaths — programas que tienen como objetivo reducir el número de muertes infantiles
3.CPDtarget area N — (Mil) zona f objetivo
target audience N — público m objetivo
target date N — fecha f límite
target group N — grupo m objetivo, grupo m destinatario
target language N — lengua f de destino
target market N — mercado m objetivo
target practice N — tiro m al blanco, prácticas fpl de tiro
target price N — precio m indicativo
target weight N — peso m ideal
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I ['tɑːrgət, 'tɑːgɪt]1)a) ( thing aimed at) blanco m, objetivo m; ( Mil) objetivo m; ( board) ( Sport) diana fthe shot was right on/way off target — el tiro dio de lleno en el blanco/se desvió mucho
b) (of criticism, protest) blanco mhis criticisms were right on/way off target — sus críticas dieron en el blanco/iban totalmente desencaminadas
target FOR/OF something — blanco de algo
2) (objective, goal) objetivo mto set oneself a target — fijarse un objetivo or una meta
above/below target — por encima/debajo del objetivo previsto
to be on target — ir* de acuerdo a lo previsto (or al plan de trabajo etc); (before n) <date/figure> fijado; <area/zone> ( Mil) objetivo adj inv; <audience/market> ( Marketing) objetivo adj inv
II
a) ( select as target)ten mines have been targeted for closure — diez minas han sido identificadas como candidatas al cierre
b) (direct, aim) \<\<publicity/advertising\>\> dirigir* -
4 Geschäft
Geschäft n 1. GEN business, trading, dealing, commerce (Handel, Kommerz); deal, transaction; bargain (Abschluss); business, concern, enterprise, operation (Firma, Unternehmen); (BE) shop, (AE) store (Laden); (infrml) office (Büro); 2. V&M sale • aus einem Geschäft aussteigen BÖRSE, GEN back out, opt out (of a deal) • das Geschäft hat einen Tiefststand erreicht GEN business is at a low ebb • das Geschäft ist ruhig GEN business is slack • das Geschäft perfekt machen GEN swing the deal • das Geschäft schließen GEN shut up shop • ein Geschäft abschließen GEN strike a deal, strike a bargain, do a deal with sb, do business with sb • ein Geschäft aufmachen GEN start in business, open a business, set up shop, launch a business, set up in business • ein Geschäft betreiben GEN run a business • ein Geschäft durchführen GEN conclude a transaction, settle a transaction • ein Geschäft unter Dach und Fach bringen GEN swing the deal • ein Geschäft zum Abschluss führen GEN task closure • mit dem Geschäft geht es aufwärts GEN business is improving • sich vom Geschäft zurückziehen GEN retire from business • über das Geschäft reden GEN talk business, talk shop • von Geschäft zu Geschäft GEN business to business* * *n 1. < Geschäft> Handel, Kommerz business, trading, dealing, commerce Abschluss deal, transaction, bargain, Firma business, concern, enterprise, operation, Laden shop (BE), store (AE), infrml, Büro office; 2. <V&M> sale ■ aus einem Geschäft aussteigen < Börse> back out, opt out (of a deal) ■ das Geschäft hat einen Tiefststand erreicht < Geschäft> business is at a low ebb ■ das Geschäft ist ruhig < Geschäft> business is slack ■ das Geschäft perfekt machen < Geschäft> swing the deal ■ das Geschäft schließen < Geschäft> shut up shop ■ ein Geschäft abschließen < Geschäft> strike a deal, strike a bargain, do a deal with sb, do business with sb ■ ein Geschäft aufmachen < Geschäft> start in business, open a business, set up shop, launch a business, set up in business ■ ein Geschäft betreiben < Geschäft> run a business ■ ein Geschäft durchführen < Geschäft> conclude a transaction, settle a transaction ■ ein Geschäft unter Dach und Fach bringen < Geschäft> swing the deal ■ ein Geschäft zum Abschluss führen < Geschäft> task closure ■ sich vom Geschäft zurückziehen < Geschäft> retire from business ■ über das Geschäft reden < Geschäft> talk business, talk shop ■ von Geschäft zu Geschäft < Geschäft> business to business* * *Geschäft
(Arbeit) work, (Beruf) vocation, occupation, business, (Börse) trading, (Branche) trade, business, line, (Büro) office, (Firma) enterprise, commercial house, firm, concern, establishment, undertaking, company, (Geschäftsabschluss) bargain, deal[ing], transaction, operation, (Geschäftslokal) [business] premises, shop, (Gewerbe) occupation, trade, job, business, calling, employment, (Handel) commerce, trade, market (US), (Laden) shop (Br.), store (US), (Sache) affair, matter, (Spekulationen) venture, (Vorschlag) proposition (coll.);
• in Geschäften on (engaged in) business;
• in ein anrüchiges Geschäft verwickelt entangled in a shady business;
• voller Geschäfte shoppy;
• Geschäfte dealings, transactions, interests, operations;
• abgeschlossenes Geschäft business transacted, deal, completed (executed) transaction;
• hohe Gewinne abwerfendes Geschäft [business] bonanza;
• sich glatt abwickelndes Geschäft swimming market;
• altrenommiertes Geschäft well-established firm;
• angesehenes Geschäft respectable firm;
• anrüchiges Geschäft hole-and-corner (shady) business;
• anziehendes Geschäft improvement in business;
• von Anfang an schlecht aufgezogenes Geschäft business muddled at the start;
• ausgedehntes Geschäft extensive trade;
• bankfremdes Geschäft non-banking business (activity);
• in Betrieb befindliches Geschäft going concern;
• in Liquidation befindliches Geschäft firm in liquidation;
• betreffendes Geschäft business in question;
• im Großen betriebenes Geschäft business transacted at large;
• auf gemeinschaftliche Rechnung betriebenes Geschäft joint-purse arrangement;
• betriebseigenes Geschäft captive shop (US), company store (US);
• blühendes Geschäft flourishing trade, thriving business;
• dickes Geschäft big deal;
• dringende Geschäfte pressing business, pressure of business;
• dunkles Geschäft shady deal (business), funny business, dubious dealing, racket (sl.);
• nicht durchgebuchte Geschäfte off-the-book transactions;
• effektives Geschäft actual business;
• einbringliches Geschäft lucrative business;
• gut eingeführtes Geschäft well-established business;
• einschlägiges Geschäft stockist (Br.), one-line shop (store), speciality shop, limited-line retailer (US);
• einträgliches Geschäft remunerative (lucrative, profitable, paying) business, paying concern;
• nicht ganz einwandfreies Geschäft shady transaction;
• erstklassiges Geschäft first-rate (-class) firm;
• euro-freundliche Geschäfte euro-friendly business[es];
• faires Geschäft square deal;
• unter Konkursanfechtung fallende Geschäfte protected transactions;
• faules Geschäft shady (hole-and-corner) business, queer transaction;
• weitgehend mit Fremdmitteln finanziertes Geschäft transaction financed largely with borrowing;
• fingiertes Geschäft bogus (sham, fictitious) transaction;
• florierendes Geschäft rattling trade, thriving business;
• flottes (flott gehendes) Geschäft rattling trade, land-office business (US coll.);
• fragwürdiges Geschäft shady business,equivocal transaction;
• führendes Geschäft leading firm;
• gut fundiertes Geschäft sound business [firm];
• glänzend gehendes (glänzendes) Geschäft booming (roaring) business, gold mine, [business] bonanza;
• dem Betrieb gehöriges Geschäft captive shop (US), company store (US);
• in der Hauptgeschäftsgegend (im Stadtzentrum) gelegenes Geschäft central area shop, downtown (inner-city) store (US);
• gewagtes Geschäft risky undertaking, speculation, speculative enterprise;
• Gewinn bringendes Geschäft profitable enterprise (business),paying business;
• glattes Geschäft (Börse) swimming market;
• grenzüberschreitende Geschäfte cross-border transactions;
• große Geschäfte (Börse) large trade;
• gutes Geschäft pennyworth, [good] bargain, good [stroke of] business, big (good) deal;
• leidlich gute Geschäfte fair business;
• gut gehendes Geschäft flourishing business (trade), going concern (firm), business bonanza (US);
• illegale Geschäfte illegal transactions;
• stark konjunkturbedingtes Geschäft highly cyclical business;
• konjunkturempfindliches Geschäft highly cyclical business;
• konzerneigene Geschäfte interassociation transactions (US);
• laufende Geschäfte regular (day-to-day, current, daily, pending) business, current transactions;
• lebhaftes Geschäft (Börse) brisk trading (business);
• zugrunde liegendes Geschäft underlying transaction;
• lohnendes Geschäft paying (remunerative, lucrative) business;
• lukratives Geschäft lucrative transaction (business);
• mattes Geschäft dull business;
• mittelgroßes Geschäft medium-sized store (US);
• nachbörsliches Geschäft interoffice deal, afterhours dealing (Br.), business in the street (Br.);
• nutzbringendes Geschäft profitable business;
• preisgünstiges Geschäft economy-priced shop, cheap-Jack (-John) (coll.);
• reelles Geschäft fair dealing firm;
• renommiertes Geschäft well-reputed firm;
• rentables Geschäft paying concern (business, enterprise), profitable business (enterprise), lucrative business (transaction), (Einzelgeschäft) paying transaction;
• riskantes Geschäft touch-and-go business;
• ruhiges Geschäft slack business;
• schlechtes Geschäft bad (losing) bargain, poor business, no catch;
• schmutziges Geschäft dirty business;
• schrumpfendes Geschäft contracting business;
• schwaches Geschäft little doing;
• seriöses Geschäft sound business house;
• sicheres Geschäft safe business;
• sittenwidriges Geschäft transaction contrary to the policy of the law;
• solides Geschäft solid enterprise (firm), substantial house, (Einzelgeschäft) sound business;
• stagnierendes Geschäft stagnating business;
• steuerbegünstigtes Geschäft tax-shelter deal;
• steuerpflichtiges Geschäft taxable transaction;
• stilles Geschäft slack business;
• sich selbst tragendes Geschäft self-promoter;
• überseeisches Geschäft overseas business;
• unbedeutendes Geschäft picayune business;
• undurchsichtige Geschäfte hole-and-corner dealings;
• unreelles Geschäft dishonest business;
• unrentables Geschäft business that does not pay, not a paying business, white elephant;
• unsaubere Geschäfte underhand dealings;
• unsittliches Geschäft unconscionable bargain (transaction);
• unvollständiges Geschäft uncompleted transaction;
• unvorteilhaftes Geschäft losing bargain;
• väterliches Geschäft father’s business;
• verbandseigene Geschäfte interassociation transactions (US);
• verbotene Geschäfte illegal sales;
• verdächtiges Geschäft queer transaction;
• Verlust bringendes Geschäft losing business;
• vorteilhaftes Geschäft bargain, deal, paying (profitable) business, catch, good deal (US);
• wenig Geschäfte (Börse) little trade (doing);
• wichtiges Geschäft serious business;
• zunehmendes Geschäft improvement in trade;
• an Bedeutung zunehmendes Geschäft wax job;
• zweideutige Geschäfte funny business;
• zweifelhaftes Geschäft shady transaction (business);
• zwielichtiges Geschäft shady deal;
• Geschäfte mit dem Ausland foreign trade;
• Geschäft mit erstklassiger Bedienung high-class service store (US);
• Geschäft in dem nur mit Devisen eingekauft werden kann hard-currency shop;
• Geschäft in kleinen Effektenabschnitten odd business (US);
• Geschäfte mit illegalen Einwanderern illegal-alien trafficking;
• Geschäft auf Geben und Nehmen put and call;
• Geschäft im Großen business transacted at large;
• Geschäft mit Industriekundschaft industrial outlet;
• Geschäfte auf Kommissionsbasis commission dealings, transactions for third account;
• Geschäft mit erstklassigem Kundenkreis business with first-rate connections;
• Geschäft unter dem Ladentisch under-the-counter trading;
• Geschäft in guter Lage well situated business;
• Geschäft auf feste Lieferung time bargain;
• Geschäft mit kleiner Marge tight bargain;
• Geschäft um jeden Preis hard-nosed business;
• Geschäft mit Produkten des täglichen Bedarfs neighbo(u)rhood shop;
• Geschäft für eigene Rechnung transaction for own account;
• Geschäfte für fremde Rechnung transaction on third account;
• Geschäfte auf laufende Rechnung dealings for the account;
• Geschäft im Stadtzentrum central area shop, downtown store (US);
• Geschäfte im großen Stil business transacted at large;
• Geschäfte nach etw. abklappern to go from shop to shop looking for s. th.;
• Geschäft um jeden Preis abnehmen to steal business at any price;
• Geschäft absagen to call off a deal;
• Geschäft abschließen to drive (strike, close, conclude, enter into) a bargain, to conclude (settle, transact) a business, to enter into a transaction;
• Geschäft mit Gewinn abschließen to make a profit out of a transaction;
• Geschäft abtreten to give up one’s business
• Geschäft abwickeln to settle a business, (liquidieren) to wind up [one’s affairs], to straighten one’s affairs, to regulate disordered finances;
• umfangreiche Geschäfte abwickeln to trade in a large way;
• Geschäft schwarz abwickeln to conduct business off the books;
• seine Geschäfte in ausländischen Währungen abwickeln to carry out one’s trade in offshore currencies;
• Geschäft ankurbeln to drum up business;
• in einem Geschäft anlegen to invest in a business;
• wieder im Geschäft anlegen to plough (plow, US) back into the business;
• j. für das Geschäft anlernen to train s. o. to business;
• Geschäft annullieren to vitiate a transaction;
• Geschäft anregen to enliven a business;
• Geschäft aufgeben to go out of (give up one’s, discontinue a, cut) business, to get out, to give up (leave off) trade, to shut up shop (US), to wind (fold) up, (sich zur Ruhe setzen) to retire from business;
• sein Geschäft auflösen to liquidate a business, to give up one’s business, to wind (shut) up (US);
• Geschäft aufmachen to set up shop (a business);
• Geschäft großzügig aufziehen to open a business on a large scale;
• sein Geschäft ausdehnen to expand one’s business;
• sich überhaupt nicht mehr im Geschäft auskennen to be out of the whole business;
• aus dem Geschäft ausscheiden to retire from business;
• aus einem Geschäft aussteigen to go out of business, to fold up (US);
• Geschäft beeinträchtigen to affect business;
• Geschäft begründen to settle down [in business], to establish o. s.;
• sein Geschäft besorgen to ply one’s trade;
• jds. Geschäfte besorgen to look after s. one’s affairs;
• bankmäßige Geschäfte besorgen to supply banking facilities;
• j. an einem Geschäft beteiligen to give s. o. a financial interest in a business;
• sich an einem Geschäft beteiligen to have a share in a venture;
• Geschäft betreiben to conduct (operate) a business, to run a shop, to carry on (ply) a trade;
• Geschäfte betreiben to do business;
• eigenes Geschäft betreiben to operate one’s own business, to be one’s own master;
• seine Geschäfte freizügig betreiben to deal at arm’s length;
• Geschäfte mit geliehenem Kapital betreiben to trade on the equity (US);
• Geschäfte in großem Maßstab betreiben to carry on business on a large scale;
• Geschäft zu Kreditauskunftszwecken beurteilen to rate a business;
• im Geschäft tätig bleiben to remain active (stay) in business;
• Geschäft zu einem erfolgreichen Abschluss bringen to put through a business deal, to bring a business to a successful conclusion;
• vorteilhaftes Geschäft zum Abschluss bringen to drive a good bargain;
• Geschäft auf die Beine bringen to set a business on foot;
• Geschäft wieder in die Höhe bringen to put a business back on its feet again;
• Geschäft zustande bringen to secure a business;
• immer (ganze Zeit stets) nur ans Geschäft denken to always have an eye to business, to be businessman all the time;
• j. aus dem Geschäft drängen to squeeze (force) s. o. out of business;
• Geschäfte weiterführen dürfen to remain in possession of the business;
• ins Geschäft einbringen to bring into business;
• sich [erneut] auf ein Geschäft einlassen to embark [again] upon a business;
• sich auf gewagte Geschäfte einlassen to dabble in speculative concerns;
• Geschäft einleiten to initiate a deal;
• Geschäft einrichten to fit out a shop;
• seinem Sohn ein Geschäft einrichten to set up a son in trade;
• in ein Geschäft einsteigen to start a business;
• in ein gut gehendes Geschäft einsteigen to get on the bandwaggon;
• j. in sein Geschäft einstellen to give s. o. a job;
• Geschäft erledigen to dispatch a business;
• Geschäfte aller Art erledigen to handle any sort of business;
• laufende Geschäfte erledigen to deal with current business;
• Geschäft eröffnen to open a trade (business), to set up shop, to start a business;
• Geschäft wieder eröffnen to resume business;
• Geschäft errichten to set up (start) in business, to establish o. s. (in business);
• sein Geschäft erweitern to expand one’s business;
• Geschäft mit der gesamten Ausstattung erwerben to buy a shop with all fixtures;
• j. im Geschäft etablieren to set s. o. up in business;
• Geschäft finanzieren to finance a business;
• Geschäft fortführen to continue a business;
• Geschäft des Gemeinschuldners (Konkursschuldners) fortführen to carry on the bankrupt’s business;
• Geschäft im eigenen Interesse fortführen to continue a business for one’s own ends;
• Geschäft bis zur Liquidierung fortführen to continue the business for the purpose of winding up;
• Geschäft eines Verstorbenen fortführen to continue a deceased’s business;
• Geschäft führen to carry on (conduct) a business, to carry on a trade, to manage the concern, to run (manage) a shop;
• Geschäft unter seinem Namen führen to carry on the business under one’s name;
• ins (in sein) Geschäft gehen to go to the office;
• Geschäft rentabel gestalten to put business on a payable basis;
• Geschäft gründen to set up shop [for o. s.], to establish (start) a business;
• neues Geschäft gründen to launch a new business enterprise;
• Geschäfte mit jem. haben to have business with s. o.;
• bedeutendes Geschäft haben to be in a large way of business;
• sein eigenes Geschäft haben to be in business on one’s own account;
• gut gehendes Geschäft haben to drive a good trade;
• kleines Geschäft haben to be in a small way of business;
• Nase für [gute] Geschäfte haben to have a keen eye for a bargain;
• Geschäft offen halten to keep a shop open;
• aus dem Geschäft herausdrängen to squeeze out of business;
• Geschäft hochbringen to work up a business;
• j. für ein Geschäft interessieren to enlist s. o. in an enterprise;
• sich nur für sein Geschäft interessieren to be intent on one’s business, to be businessman all the time, to be all business;
• Geschäft in Bausch und Bogen kaufen to buy the whole stock [of a business];
• Geschäft von der Pike auf kennen to know the business inside out;
• sich nur um sein Geschäft kümmern to be intent on one’s (attend strictly to) business;
• sich nicht um sein Geschäft kümmern to neglect one’s business;
• sich bei einem Geschäft registrieren lassen (für Marken) to register with a tradesman;
• Geschäft leiten to be at the head of the business;
• Geschäft liquidieren to wind up one’s affairs (a business company);
• Geschäfte machen to transact (do) business, to merchandise, to deal, to monger;
• gewagte Geschäfte machen to speculate;
• glänzende Geschäfte machen to drive a roaring trade;
• große Geschäfte machen to do a large business;
• gutes Geschäft machen to strike a bargain (it rich, US), to get in on a good deal, to find s. th. a good pennyworth, to get (secure) a purchase;
• gute Geschäfte machen to have a good run (be in a good way) of business, to have a good season;
• reißende Geschäfte machen to do a roaring trade;
• Geschäft rückgängig machen to set aside a transaction, to break off an engagement;
• schlechtes Geschäft machen to bring one’s eggs (hogs) to the wrong market, to do badly, to be in a bad way of business;
• unerlaubte Geschäfte machen to indulge in illicit transactions;
• seinen Geschäften nachgehen to attend to (go about) one’s business;
• ungesetzlichen Geschäften nachgehen to carry on an illegal transaction;
• bei einem Geschäft profitieren to profit by a bargain;
• mit einem guten Geschäft rechnen to calculate on a good trade;
• von Geschäften reden to talk shop (about business);
• sein Geschäft schließen to close down a shop, to put up the shutters, to shut up shop (US);
• an einem Geschäft beteiligt sein to have an interest (a share) in a business;
• nach dem Krieg groß ins Geschäft gekommen sein to boom after the war;
• in Geschäften großzügig sein to be liberal in business;
• hinter seinen Geschäften her sein to be a keen businessman;
• einen Tag nicht im Geschäft sein to get away from the office for a day;
• in Geschäften unterwegs sein to be on one’s tour (away, out), to travel on business;
• in Geschäften zuverlässig sein to be exact in business, to pass for as good as one’s word;
• im Geschäft stecken to be invested in a business;
• Geld in ein Geschäft stecken to invest money in a business, to put money into an undertaking, to embark capital in a trade;
• gutes Geschäft tätigen to make a good deal by, to get a purchase;
• im laufenden Monat keine Geschäfte mehr tätigen to write no new business for the next month;
• Geschäft übernehmen to take over (succeed to) a business;
• Geschäft voll übernehmen to purchase the sole interest in a business;
• Geschäft auf seinen Sohn übertragen to make over the business to one’s son;
• j. bei einem Geschäft übervorteilen to jockey s. o. in a transaction;
• kleines Geschäft unterhalten to carry on business in a small way;
• Geschäfte einer Gesellschaft der Revision unterziehen to investigate the affairs of a company;
• bei seinen Geschäften verdienen to gain by one’s business;
• an einem Geschäft groß verdienen to be a great gainer by a bargain;
• grenzüberschreitende Geschäfte vereinfachen to simplify cross-border business[es];
• sein Geschäft vergrößern to expand one’s business;
• sein Geschäft verkaufen to sell out one’s business;
• Geschäft um die Hälfte verkleinern to reduce a business one half;
• Geschäft vermitteln to broker a deal;
• seine Geschäfte vernachlässigen to neglect (shirk) one’s business;
• sein Geschäft verstehen to know one’s business (trade, how to turn a penny);
• sein Geschäft aus dem Effeff verstehen to have the whole business at one’s fingertips;
• Geschäfte über das Internet vornehmen to execute securities transactions on (through) the Internet;
• Geschäfte wegschnappen to grab business;
• laufende Geschäfte weiterführen to deal with current business;
• Geschäft nicht weiterführen to cease to carry on business;
• sich seinen Geschäften widmen to attend to (go about) one’s business;
• gute Geschäfte machen wollen to carry pigs to market;
• Geschäft rückgängig machen wollen to rue a bargain;
• von einem Geschäft zurücktreten to rescind a bargain;
• sich vom (aus dem) Geschäft zurückziehen to give up one’s (withdraw from, quit) business;
• sich von einem Geschäft zurückziehen to declare a bargain off, to back out (fam.);
• sein Geld aus einem Geschäft zurückziehen to withdraw one’s money from a business;
• sich wieder seinen Geschäften zuwenden to turn one’s thoughts to business again;
• die Geschäfte gehen schlecht there is very little doing. -
5 Schluss
Schluss m 1. GEN tail (der Liste); 2. V&M final • einen Schluss ziehen GEN draw a conclusion* * *m 1. < Geschäft> der Liste tail; 2. <V&M> final ■ einen Schluss ziehen < Geschäft> draw a conclusion* * *Schluss
(Abschluss) conclusion, close, closure, (Abschlusseinheit im Börsengeschäft) unit of trade, trading unit, board (full) lot (US), (Ende) finish, windup, (Redaktionsschluss) deadline, (Schließung) closing;
• am Schluss der Rechnungsperiode at the close of the period;
• zum Schluss eines Jahres at the end of a year;
• fester Schluss (Börse) steady closing;
• Schluss auf Abruf (Börse) negotiation on (at) call;
• Schluss der Debatte (parl.) closure;
• Schluss einer Sitzung end of a meeting;
• Schluss einer Sitzungsperiode conclusion of a session;
• Schluss der Verladung closure of cargo;
• Schluss der Debatte beantragen to move the closure, to put the question;
• Schluss machen (Arbeit beenden) to knock off;
• Schluss vermitteln (Börse) to negotiate (do) a deal;
• Schluss fest (Börse) close (closing) firm;
• Schlussabrechnung final account (bill, statement), account of settlement, (Nachlassverwalter) final settlement;
• Schlussabrechnungstag (Börse) settling (settlement) day, day of account;
• Schlussabsatz closing paragraph;
• Schlussabschnitt concluding section;
• Schlussabstimmung final vote;
• Schlussalter (Versicherung) final age;
• Schlussausführungen concluding statements;
• Schlussaussage (Anzeige) base line;
• Schlussausschüttung final distribution;
• Schlussauswahl final selection;
• Schlussbericht final report;
• Schlussbestand closing inventory (stock);
• Schlussbestimmungen concluding (final) provisions, conclusion;
• Schlussbilanz final balance, closing balance sheet;
• Schlussbörse terminal market;
• Schlussbrief (Warenverkehr) fixing letter, sales (Br.) (sold, US) note;
• Schlussbuchung closing entry;
• Schlussdividende liquidating dividend. -
6 información al consumidor
= consumer information, consumer advice, consumer affairsEx. The recent closure of many CACs (Consumer Advice Centre) has seriously affected the availability of consumer information and advice.Ex. The information may range from the same kind as is available through teletext -- news, stock market reports, weather forecast -- to train timetables, what's on at the local cinema, or consumer advice.Ex. Such libraries now offer advice on benefits, employment, careers, housing, pensions, consumer affairs and other similar matters, or put people in touch with other sources.* * *= consumer information, consumer advice, consumer affairsEx: The recent closure of many CACs (Consumer Advice Centre) has seriously affected the availability of consumer information and advice.
Ex: The information may range from the same kind as is available through teletext -- news, stock market reports, weather forecast -- to train timetables, what's on at the local cinema, or consumer advice.Ex: Such libraries now offer advice on benefits, employment, careers, housing, pensions, consumer affairs and other similar matters, or put people in touch with other sources. -
7 rischio
m (pl -chi) riska rischio della propria vita risking one's own lifemettere a rischio put at risk* * *rischio s.m. risk, hazard, danger, peril: il rischio di non fare in tempo è ogni giorno più alto, the danger of not getting it done in time, increases every day; una manovra ad alto rischio, an extremely risky operation (o manoeuvre); un rischio per la salute, health hazard; a rischio di perdere la vita, at the risk of losing one's life; aumento del rischio, increase of risk; non c'è rischio di sbagliare, there is no risk (o danger) of making a mistake; voglio proporlo anche a rischio di ricevere un rifiuto, I want to propose this even at the risk of meeting with a refusal; correre un rischio, to run (o to take) a risk: correre il rischio di perdere del denaro, to run the risk of losing some money; ma ti rendi conto del rischio che hai corso?, but are you aware of the risk that you ran?; non voglio correre rischi, I don't want to take any risks; guida come un pazzo perché ama il rischio, he drives like a maniac because he likes taking risks; mettere a rischio qlco., to risk (o to venture) sthg.; mettere a rischio qlcu., to expose s.o. to a risk; ci andrò a mio rischio e pericolo, I will go there at my own risk // (comm.): a rischio del destinatario, at the consignee's risk; rischio del vettore, carrier's risk; per conto e rischio di qlcu., for s.o.'s account and risk // (econ.): rischio paese, country risk; rischio di mercato, market risk; rischio professionale, occupational hazard // (fin.): rischio di reinvestimento, reinvestment risk; rischio di portafoglio, portfolio risk // (dir.) rischio di insolvenza, risk of default // ( assicurazioni): rischio assicurabile, insurable risk; rischio non assicurabile, uninsurable risk; rischio contro terzi, third-party risk; valutazione del rischio, risk assessment; assicurare una proprietà contro tutti i rischi, to insure a property against all risks // (mar.) rischio di carico, loading risk // (med.) categoria ad alto rischio, high-risk category.* * *1) (pericolo) risk, chance, hazardrischio d'incendio — fire hazard o risk
c'è il rischio che prenda la malattia — there's a risk of him catching the illness o that he'll catch the illness
a o col rischio di sembrare ingrato at the risk of seeming ungrateful; mettere a rischio to adventure, to stake, to risk; correre un rischio to take a chance; correre il rischio di fare to take a chance on doing, to chance doing; ad alto rischio [ gruppo] high-risk; a tuo rischio (e pericolo) — at your peril, at your own risk
2) econ. exposure; (nelle assicurazioni) riska basso rischio — [ investimento] low-risk
•rischio professionale — occupational hazard o risk
- schi del mestiere — = risks that come with the job
* * *rischiopl. - schi /'riskjo, ski/sostantivo m.1 (pericolo) risk, chance, hazard; rischio d'incendio fire hazard o risk; è un rischio per la salute it's a health hazard; c'è il rischio che prenda la malattia there's a risk of him catching the illness o that he'll catch the illness; a o col rischio di sembrare ingrato at the risk of seeming ungrateful; mettere a rischio to adventure, to stake, to risk; correre un rischio to take a chance; correre il rischio di fare to take a chance on doing, to chance doing; ad alto rischio [ gruppo] high-risk; a tuo rischio (e pericolo) at your peril, at your own risk3 a rischio [ soggetto] at risk; [ specie] endangered; la fabbrica è a rischio di chiusura the factory is at risk of closurerischio professionale occupational hazard o risk; - schi del mestiere = risks that come with the job. -
8 pension
̘. ̈n. ̘ˑˈpenʃən
1. сущ.
1) пенсия;
пособие to award, grant a pension ≈ давать пенсию to draw, receive a pension ≈ получать пенсию to revoke a pension ≈ отменять выплату пенсии disability pension ≈ пенсия по нетрудоспособности, пенсия по инвалидности old-age pension ≈ пенсия по старости survivor's pension ≈ пенсия (членам семьи) по случаю смерти кормильца
2) пансион
2. гл. назначать пенсию;
субсидировать pension off пенсия - old age /superannuation/ * пенсия по старости - life * пожизненная пенсия - disability /disablement/ * пенсия по нетрудоспособности - to retire on a * уйти на пенсию пособие, субсидия( артистам и т. п.) - to grant a * to smb. назначить пенсию или пособие кому-л. (устаревшее) взятка, плата за услуги назначать пенсию субсидировать пансион - terms with full * стоимость содержания с полным пансионом пансионат (юридическое) совещание членов адвокатской корпорации "Грейз Инн" (тж. * of Gray's Inn) assistance ~ денежное воспомоществование, пенсия по уходу basic ~ основная пенсия basic ~ component основная часть пенсионных выплат (начисляемая за основной социальный статус) basic ~ security гарантии выплаты основной пенсии, пенсионное страхование capital ~ fund основной пенсионный фонд capital ~ savings account сберегательный счет пенсионного капитала change of generation ~ пенсия по возрасту;
пенсия выплачиваемая уволенным в связи с приходом молодого пополнения child's ~ детская пенсия child's ~ пенсия на ребенка children's ~ пансион для детей civil servant's ~ пенсия государственного служащего continued ~ длительный пансион;
непрерывно выплачиваемая пенсия contributory ~ scheme программа пенсионного обеспечения за счет взносов deferred old age ~ отсроченная пенсия по возрасту dependant's ~ пенсия на иждивенца disablement ~ пенсия по инвалидности disablement ~ пособие по инвалидности early old age ~ досрочная пенсия по старости early retirement ~ пенсия досрочно вышедшего в отставку early retirement ~ пенсия при досрочной отставке earnings-related ~ пенсия, зависящая от заработка earnings-related ~ пенсия начисляемая в зависимости от заработной платы (на последнем месте работы или в соответствии с установленным порядком) employment accident ~ пенсия по случаю производственной травмы employment ~ пенсия employment ~ cover охват пенсионным обеспечением employment ~ index пенсионный индекс наемных работников entitlement to ~ право на получение пенсии farm closure ~ пенсия в связи с разорением фермы flat-rate ~ фиксированная ставка пенсии flexible ~ arrangements гибкая пенсионная система front veteran's ~ пенсия ветерана-фронтовика full ~ полная пенсия full-scale national ~ государственная пенсия в полном размере government ~ государственная пенсия income-related ~ пенсия, связанная с доходом indexed ~ scheme программа пенсионного обеспечения с индексацией individual early invalidity ~ индивидуальная досрочная пенсия по инвалидности instalment ~ выплата пенсии частями invalidity ~ пенсия по инвалидности labour market ~ пенсия на рынке труда maintenace of the value of the ~ поддержание ценности пенсии (учитывая либо индекс роста цен, либо индекс роста зарплаты) minimum old-age ~ минимальный размер пенсии по старости minimum ~ минимальная пенсия national old age invalidity and unemployment ~ национальная пенсия по старости инвалидности и безработице national ~ государственная пенсия national ~ национальная пенсия noncontributory ~ scheme система пенсионного обеспечения не на основе взносов occupational ~ профессиональная пенсия occupational ~ scheme программа пенсионного обеспечения на рынке труда occupational ~ scheme система профессиональных пенсий occurence of ~ contingency наступление пенсионного страхового случая old age ~ соц. пенсия по старости old-age ~ пенсия по старости orphan's ~ сиротская пенсия overall ~ общая пенсия;
предельная пенсия overall ~ полная пенсия parallel ~ параллельная пенсия part-time ~ неполная пенсия partial invalidity ~ неполная пенсия по инвалидности;
частичная пенсия по инвалидности pay-as-you-go ~ system пенсионная система использующая все поступающие взносы в фонд на выплату пенсии за текущий период pension арендная плата ~ давать субсидию ~ ежегодная плата, аннуитет ~ назначать пенсию;
субсидировать;
pension off увольнять на пенсию ~ назначать пенсию ~ пансион ~ пансион ~ пенсия;
пособие ~ пенсия ~ пособие ~ субсидировать ~ субсидия ~ for accident at work пособие по случаю производственной травмы ~ in respect of occupational disease пособие по случаю профессионального заболевания ~ назначать пенсию;
субсидировать;
pension off увольнять на пенсию personal ~ персональная пенсия premium capital ~ пенсия из фонда социального обеспечения retirement ~ пенсия retirement ~ пенсия за выслугу лет retirement ~ пенсия по возрасту retirement ~ пенсия по старости retirment ~ пенсия по старости right to a ~ право на пенсию self-employed person's ~ пенсия работающего на себя social insurance ~ пенсия из фонда социального страхования social ~ социальная пенсия social security ~ пенсия из фонда социального обеспечения spouse ~ пенсия, выплачиваемая мужу spouse ~ пенсия, выплачиваемая жене spouse's ~ пенсия супруга( супруги) starting ~ начальная пенсия state ~ государственная пенсия supplementary ~ добавка к пенсии supplementary ~ дополнительная пенсия surviving dependants' ~ пенсия пережившим иждивенцам surviving spouse's ~ пенсия вдовы (вдовца) survivor's ~ пенсия лица пережившего кормильца survivor's ~ пенсия по случаю потери кормильца total ~ общая пенсия unemployment ~ пенсия по безработице welfare ~ пенсия из фондов социального обеспечения widow's ~ пенсия вдове widow's ~ пенсия вдовы widower's ~ пенсия вдовца widower's ~ пенсия вдовцу -
9 bill
1. сущ.1) эк. счет (к оплате) (документ с указанием суммы, причитающейся за что-л.)COMBS:
bill in the name of (smb.) — счет на имя (кого-л.)
the bill comes to— счет составляет...
See:agency bill 1), freight bill, bill enclosure, automatic bill payment, Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment, telephone bill payment2) пол., юр. билль, законопроект (законодательный проект, который выносится на рассмотрение законодательного органа, в отличие от закона, уже принятого)to introduce [propose\] a bill — предложить законопроект
to move [railroad\] a bill through a legislature — "протолкнуть" законопроект через законодательный орган
to quash a bill, to vote down a bill — забаллотировать законопроект
See:appropriation bill, authorization bill, bill of attainder, bill of rights, budget bill, clean bill 2), finance bill, government bill 1), private bill, private member's bill, public bill, revenue bill, tax bill 2) act 1. 2), closure 1. 6), debate, defeat, parliamentary draftsman3)а) общ. список, инвентарь; описьSee:б) общ. документSee:4) накладнаяа) учет, торг. (первичный бухгалтерский документ, предназначенный для оформления операций по отпуску и приему товарно-материальных ценностей)б) трансп. транспортная накладная (документ, вручаемый перевозчику товара, с дубликатом, который вручается лицу, имеющему право получить товар; удостоверяет взаимные права и обязанности перевозчика и грузополучателя)See:5) фин. вексель (письменное долговое обязательство установленной законом формы, выдаваемое заемщиком кредитору и предоставляющее последнему право требовать с заемщика уплаты при наступлении срока обозначенной в векселе денежной суммы)bill drawn on (smb.) — вексель, выданный на имя (кого-л.)
bill market — вексельный рынок, рынок векселей
See:accepted bill, agency bill 2), bank bill 1), bill accepted, bill at sight, bill of acceptance, clean bill, demand bill, documentary bill, domestic bill, foreign bill, inland bill, renewal bill, sight bill, term bill, time bill, trade bill, usance bill, bill auction, bill broker, bill creditor, bill of exchange, accommodation bill, blank bill, commercial bill, long bill, short bill, tax anticipation bill, Treasury bill, bills-only policy, bill of exchange, allonge, aval, drawer 3), acceptor, discount 2. 2), rediscount 2. 2)6) эк., амер. банкнота, купюраPlease note: if paying by cash, bring only small bills. — Пожалуйста, обратите внимание: если расплачиваетесь наличными, приносите только мелкие купюры.
Syn:See:coin 1. 1), national currency7) общ. программа (театральная, концерта и т. п.)to head [top\] the bill — быть гвоздем программы
8) общ. афиша, плакатSyn:9)а) эк., сленг сумма в $100б) эк., сленг счет на $10010) юр. иск, исковое заявление11) рекл. = billing 4),2. гл.1) эк. выписывать [выставлять\] счет; предъявлять счет (к оплате)I have billed him for the damage. — Я выставил ему счет за ущерб.
He had been billed £3000 for his licence. — За лицензию ему был выставлен счет в размере £3000.
See:2)а) рекл. объявлять [рекламировать\] в афишах [программах\]This comedy duo was billed to appear at an anti-smoking rally. — Было объявлено, что этот комедийный дуэт выступит на митинге против курения.
б) рекл. (описывать что-л. или кого-л. определенным образом в целях рекламы)This book was billed as a "riveting adventure story". — Эта книга рекламировалась как "захватывающая приключенческая история".
He was billed as "Captain Cody, King of the Cowboys," and his act consisted of demonstrations of his skills as a marksman and cowboy. — В афише он был представлен как "Капитан Коди, король ковбоев", а его выступление состояло из демонстрации навыков меткой стрельбы и умений ковбоя.
* * *
1) переводный вексель (тратта); приказ одного лица другому произвести платеж в пользу третьего лица; = bill of exchange; draft; 2) казначейский вексель; = Treasury bill; 3) банкнота; 4) счет за услугу или купленный товар; 5) документ о передаче права собственности на товар; = bill of sale; 6) свидетельство долга заемщика кредитору; документ о признании долга, используемый в операциях с ценными бумагами (напр., акции продаются без права на дивиденд до его выплаты, и покупатель выписывает на имя продавца документ на сумму дивиденда); 7) билль: закон (напр., Билль о правах) (США).* * *выставлять счет; предъявлять счет. . Словарь экономических терминов .* * *-----Международные перевозки/Таможенное право1. опись товара - при перевозках на железнодорожном транспортеМеждународные перевозки/Таможенное право -
10 stellen
stellen v PAT, RECHT submit (Anspruch, Antrag) • Anspruch stellen PAT, RECHT claim* * *v <Patent, Recht> Anspruch, Antrag submit ■ Anspruch stellen <Patent, Recht> claim--------: sich stellen< Geschäft> Kritik, Angriffen face* * *stellen
(beisteuern) to contribute, (liefern) to supply, (zuweisen) to allocate, to assign;
• sich stellen (Kurse) to rule;
• sich [im Preis auf] stellen to amount (come) to, to run up to, to be priced at;
• übertriebene Ansprüche stellen to exaggerate one’s claims;
• Antrag auf Schluss der Debatte stellen (parl.) to move closure of the debate;
• Antrag auf Konkurseröffnung stellen to file one’s petition (a declaration of bankruptcy);
• in Aussicht stellen to promise, to announce;
• Bedingungen stellen to make (stipulate) conditions;
• seine Bedingungen stellen to make one’s terms;
• unter Beweis stellen to prove one’s case;
• sich billiger stellen (Kurse) to rule lower;
• Bürgen stellen to put up bail;
• jem. hinreichende Deckung zur Verfügung stellen to furnish s. o. with (put s. o. in) funds;
• in Dienst stellen (Schiff) to put into commission;
• Ersatz für j. stellen to substitute (supply) s. o.;
• die meisten Gastarbeiter stellen to supply most of the foreign workers;
• Geld für ein Unternehmen zur Verfügung stellen to put up the money for an undertaking;
• jem. einen Geldbetrag zur Verfügung stellen to place a sum at s. one’s disposal;
• sich recht hoch stellen (Preis) to come rather high;
• sich höher stellen (Kurse) to rule higher;
• sich den Journalisten zu einer Pressekonferenz stellen to present o. s. to the journalists at a press conference;
• Kapital zur Verfügung stellen to capitalize;
• Kaution stellen to put up (furnish) bail;
• sich krank stellen to malinger;
• Kreditantrag stellen to apply for a credit line (US);
• niedrigeres Preisangebot stellen to quote a lower price;
• Problem in den Mittelpunkt seiner Rede stellen to focus a problem in one’s speech;
• Radio leiser stellen to turn the radio down;
• in Rechnung stellen to put (pass) to account, to charge, to debit;
• seinem Kunden den äußersten Tageskurs in Rechnung stellen to quote the extreme market rates to one’s customer;
• Schadenersatzansprüche stellen to put in a claim for damages;
• Schiff außer Dienst stellen to take a ship off the active list;
• schlechter stellen to discriminate;
• Sicherheiten stellen to provide cover;
• Ultimatum stellen to deliver an ultimatum;
• zum Verkauf stellen to expose for sale, (Grundstück) to list (US);
• Vertrauensfrage stellen to ask for a vote of confidence;
• zahlbar stellen to make payable, (Wechsel) to domicile, to domiciliate;
• Zollkaution stellen to bond;
• Zug auf ein Nebengleis stellen to switch a train onto a siding. -
11 come (came)
§ მოსვლა, ჩამოსვლა; come accross - შეხვედრა, წაწყდომა; come along! - წავიდეთ! come back - დაბრუნდი; come down -ჩამოსვლა, დაშვება; come in - შემოსვლა; come up to - მისვლა, მიახლოვება§1 (came, come) მოსვლა (მოვა), ჩამოსვლაI’ve come to believe that... იმ რწმენამდე მივედი, რომ…success usually comes from hard work წარმატება, ჩვეულებრივ, ბეჯითი შრომის შედეგია2 წარმოშობა, შთამომავლობა, სადაურობაshe comes from a good family კარგი ოჯახიშვილია / გვარიშვილია3 წვდომა (სწვდება), მიღწევა (აღწევს)his income comes to $60.000 a year მისი წლიური შემოსავალი 60 ათას დოლარს აღწევსhe will never come to much დიდ რამეს / ბევრს ვერასოდეს მიაღწევსthe house came to him on his father's death მამის გარდაცვალების შემდეგ სახლი მემკვიდრეობით მის მფლობელობაში გადავიდაthe car came to a halt / a standstill მანქანა გაჩერდაif it comes to that... საქმე თუ იქამდე მივიდა…4 მოხდენა (მოხდება)how did it come that...? როგორ მოხდა, რომ…?how come it?! ეს რანაირად / როგორ / საიდან?!it came to light that… გამოაშკარავდა, რომ…5 მემკვიდრეობით მიღება (მიიღებს) / გადსვლა (გადავა)it comes easy to him ადვილად გამოსდის // ეადვილებაhe comes of the nobility / the working class კეთილშობილური წარმომავლობისაა // მუშათა კლასიდანააyou’ll come off the loser წაგებული დარჩებიwe’d like you to come კარგი იქნებოდა, რომ მოსულიყავიthe time has come for her to lie in დროა, მოილოგინოს●●it is very kind of you to have come ძალიან დამავალეთ, რომ მობრძანდითhe promised to come დამპირდა, მოვალოI pleaded with her to come შევეხვეწე, რომ მოსულიყოI’ll gladly come, only later სიხარულით გეწვევით, მაგრამ უფრო მოგვიანებითI’ll come round at six ექვსზე შემოგივლი●●to come to rest გაჩერება (გაჩერდება)oh, come now! კარგი ერთი!we’ll come, if only he comes with us მხოლოდ მაშინ მოვალთ, თუ ის წამოგვყვაif it comes to a showdown I… ყველაფრის თქმამდე თუ მივიდა საქმე, მე...●●to come to one’s mind თავში აზრის მოსვლაI can’t make her come მოსვლას ვერ დავაძალებdon’t trouble to come მოსვლაზე ნუ შეწუხდები!he didn’t expect her to come მის მოსვლას არ მოელოდა // არ ეგონა, რომ მოვიდოდაhe always says the first thing that comes into his head რაც თავში მოუვა, იმას ამბობსif it comes to that, I’ll… საქმე საქმეზე თუ მიდგა, მე...thoughts of her coming wedding were uppermost in her mind უმთავრესად თავის მომავალ ქორწინზე ფიქრობდაshe is unlike to come არა მგონია, რომ მოვიდესhow come you’re here? როგორ მოხდა, რომ აქა ხარ? // აქ როგორ მოხვდი?I’ll have him come ვაიძულებ, რომ მოვიდეს / მოვიყვანhe will hardly come საეჭვოა, რომ მოვიდესtake the rifle, it may come in handy თოფი წაიღე, შეიძლება დაგჭირდესif the worst comes to the worst… საქმე თუ მთლად ცუდად წავიდა...there’s worse to come ეს კიდევ არაფერი, მთლად უარესი იქნებაwe wired him to come დეპეშა გავუგზავნეთ, რომ ჩამოსულიყოI said I would come and I will ვთქვი, რომ მოვალ და მოვალ კიდეც;come when you will; როცა გინდა, მოდიhe will come მოვა;come whenever you wish როდესაც გინდა, მოდიand what if he doesn’t come? და რომ არ მოვიდეს?Will he come? - ‘I expect so’ "მოვა?" - "ასე მგონია."the coming of the boss quickened the work უფროსის მოსვლამ მუშაობა გამოაცოცხლაI figured on your coming შენი მოსვლის იმედი მქონდა // შენს მოსვლას ვვარაუდობდიcome in directly! დაუყოვნებლივ / მყისვე შემოდი!you needn’t ask him to come, he’ll come as a matter of course მისი დაძახება არ არის საჭირო, ისედაც მოვაit was gracious of you to come! რა პატივი დაგვდე, რომ მოხვედი!I’ve come a good way კარგა დიდი გზა გამოვიარეI’ll come without fail უსათუოდ მოვალcome to think of it, it’s possible კარგად რომ დავფიქრდეთ, ეს შესაძლებელიაoh come, he is not that stupid! კაი, კაი! არც ისეთი უჭკუოა!come! let’s begin! აბა, დავიწყოთ!I’ll come and collect the book წიგნის წამოსაღებად შემოვივლიwe’ll come and fetch you შემოგივლით და წაგიყვანთI could not come მოსვლა ვერ შევძელი // ვერ მოვედიto come into / go out of fashion მოდაში შემოსვლა / მოდიდან გადავარდნაI’ll come by five ხუთი საათისთვის მოვალhe wanted to come but he couldn’t მოსვლა უნდოდა, მაგრამ ვერ შეძლოto come into bloom აყვავება // ყვავილის გაშლა / გამოღებაI’ll come between 1 and 2 o’clock პირველიდან ორ საათამდე მოვალ‘Will they come?’ – ‘I believe so’/’I believe not’ "მოვლენ?" - "ასე მგონია" / "არა მგონია"to come into being აღმოცენება (აღმოცენდება), წარმოშობა, შექმნაI`ll come right away ახლავე მოვალask him to come სთხოვე, მოვიდესif anybody comes, don`t open the door ვინმე თუ მოვიდა, კარს ნუ გაუღებa glass of wine wouldn`t come amiss ერთი ჭიქა ღვინო არ გვაწყენდაI`ll come along with you თან წამოგყვებიif it`s all right with you, I’ll come early თუ წინააღმდეგი არა ხარ, ადრე მოვალto come to smb's aid ვინმესთვის დახმარების აღმოჩენა / გაწევაhe came in advance of the others სხვებზე წინ / ადრე მოვიდაthey came at my call ჩემს დაძახებაზე / გამოძახებაზე მოვიდნენat last they came to a closure როგორც იქნა დაასრულეს კამათი და შეთანხმდნენthe plane came in sight / view თვითმფრინავი გამოჩნდაI came to realize, that... თანდათანობით მივხვდი, რომ…his resignation came as a surprise მისი გადადგომა ყველასათვის მოულოდნელი იყოhe came to the conclusion that... იმ დასკვნამდე მივიდა, რომ…he came before / after dark შეღამებისას / დაბინდებისას მოვიდა // დაბნელების შემდეგ მოვიდაthe fire brigade came in full force სახანძრო რაზმი სრული შემადგენლობით მოვიდაhe came in quietly უხმაუროდ / ჩუმად შემოვიდაit's just as well I came with you კარგია, რომ შენ გამოგყევიwhen woman came in, he got up როდესაც ქალი შემოვიდა, ფეხზე ადგა;he came while I was out მოვიდა, როდესაც გასული ვიყავი.it would be about five when she came როცა მოვიდა, ხუთი საათი იქნებოდაshe came to herself გონს მოეგო / მოვიდაmany came to the funeral service to do the dead man homage გარდაცვლილის პატივსაცემად პანაშვიდზე ბევრნი მოვიდნენ●●the rain came down with a vengeance წვიმამ კოკისპირულად დასცხო●●they came to terms შეთანხმებას მიაღწიესhe came sooner than we expected უფრო ადრე მოვიდა, ვიდრე მოველოდითhe came on / lost the tracks of his enemy თავისი მტრის კვალს მიაგნო / კვალი დაჰკარგაpeople came trooping out of the theater ხალხი თეატრიდან გამოვიდა / გამოეფინა●●his dreams came true ოცნება აუსრულდაwhat a mercy he came! მადლობა ღმერთს, რომ მოვიდა!I came the moment I knew როგორც კი გავიგე, მაშინვე მოვედიhe came by sea ზღვით / გემით ჩამოვიდაI came to that conclusion independently ამ დასკვნამდე დამოუკიდებლად მივედიthe news came that… ცნობა მოვიდა, რომ...his plan came to nothing გეგმა ჩაუვარდა / ჩაეფუშაthe news came that… ცნობა მოვიდა, რომ...his plan came to nothing გეგმა ჩაუვარდა / ჩაეფუშაthe answer came pat პასუხი სწრაფად / დროულად მოვიდაshe came out in pimples სახეზე მუწუკები გაუჩნდა / გამოაყარაwhen it came to the point, he couldn't face it საქმე საქმეზე რომ მიდგა, უკან დაიხიაit came to my knowledge that… ჩემ ყურამდე მოვიდა, რომ... -
12 loss
(a) (of custom, market share, job) perte f;∎ she's seeking compensation for loss of earnings elle cherche à se faire rembourser le manque à gagner;∎ the closure will cause the loss of hundreds of jobs la fermeture provoquera la disparition de centaines d'emplois(b) (financial) déficit m;∎ to make a loss perdre de l'argent, être déficitaire;∎ to sell sth at a loss vendre qch à perte;∎ the company announced losses or a loss of £4m la société a annoncé un déficit de 4 millions de livres;∎ we made a loss of ten percent on the deal nous avons perdu dix pour cent dans l'affaire;∎ ACCOUNTANCY loss carry forward déficit reportable, report déficitaire sur les exercices ultérieurs;MARKETING loss leader produit m d'appel;MARKETING loss leader price prix m d'appel;MARKETING loss leader pricing fixation f d'un prix d'appel;MARKETING loss pricing fixation d'un prix d'appel∎ to estimate the loss évaluer le sinistre;∎ the following losses are not covered by the policy les sinistres suivants ne sont pas couverts par cette policeloss adjuster expert m en assurances;loss assessment fixation f des dommages;loss ratio rapport m sinistres-primes;loss risk risque m de perte et d'avariesloss in transit freinte de route -
13 Chronology
15,000-3,000 BCE Paleolithic cultures in western Portugal.400-200 BCE Greek and Carthaginian trade settlements on coast.202 BCE Roman armies invade ancient Lusitania.137 BCE Intensive Romanization of Lusitania begins.410 CE Germanic tribes — Suevi and Visigoths—begin conquest of Roman Lusitania and Galicia.714—16 Muslims begin conquest of Visigothic Lusitania.1034 Christian Reconquest frontier reaches Mondego River.1064 Christians conquer Coimbra.1139 Burgundian Count Afonso Henriques proclaims himself king of Portugal; birth of Portugal. Battle of Ourique: Afonso Henriques defeats Muslims.1147 With English Crusaders' help, Portuguese seize Lisbon from Muslims.1179 Papacy formally recognizes Portugal's independence (Pope Alexander III).1226 Campaign to reclaim Alentejo from Muslims begins.1249 Last Muslim city (Silves) falls to Portuguese Army.1381 Beginning of third war between Castile and Portugal.1383 Master of Aviz, João, proclaimed regent by Lisbon populace.1385 April: Master of Aviz, João I, proclaimed king of Portugal by Cortes of Coimbra. 14 August: Battle of Aljubarrota, Castilians defeated by royal forces, with assistance of English army.1394 Birth of "Prince Henry the Navigator," son of King João I.1415 Beginning of overseas expansion as Portugal captures Moroccan city of Ceuta.1419 Discovery of Madeira Islands.1425-28 Prince D. Pedro, older brother of Prince Henry, travels in Europe.1427 Discovery (or rediscovery?) of Azores Islands.1434 Prince Henry the Navigator's ships pass beyond Cape Bojador, West Africa.1437 Disaster at Tangier, Morocco, as Portuguese fail to capture city.1441 First African slaves from western Africa reach Portugal.1460 Death of Prince Henry. Portuguese reach what is now Senegal, West Africa.1470s Portuguese explore West African coast and reach what is now Ghana and Nigeria and begin colonizing islands of São Tomé and Príncipe.1479 Treaty of Alcáçovas between kings of Portugal and Spain.1482 Portuguese establish post at São Jorge da Mina, Gold Coast (now Ghana).1482-83 Portuguese navigator Diogo Cão reaches mouth of Congo River and Angola.1488 Navigator Bartolomeu Dias rounds Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, and finds route to Indian Ocean.1492-93 Columbus's first voyage to West Indies.1493 Columbus visits Azores and Portugal on return from first voyage; tells of discovery of New World. Treaty of Tordesillas signed between kings of Portugal and Spain: delimits spheres of conquest with line 370 leagues west of Cape Verde Islands (claimed by Portugal); Portugal's sphere to east of line includes, in effect, Brazil.King Manuel I and Royal Council decide to continue seeking all-water route around Africa to Asia.King Manuel I expels unconverted Jews from Portugal.1497-99 Epic voyage of Vasco da Gama from Portugal around Africa to west India, successful completion of sea route to Asia project; da Gama returns to Portugal with samples of Asian spices.1500 Bound for India, Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral "discovers" coast of Brazil and claims it for Portugal.1506 Anti-Jewish riots in Lisbon.Battle of Diu, India; Portugal's command of Indian Ocean assured for some time with Francisco de Almeida's naval victory over Egyptian and Gujerati fleets.Afonso de Albuquerque conquers Goa, India; beginning of Portuguese hegemony in south Asia.Portuguese conquest of Malacca; commerce in Spice Islands.1519 Magellan begins circumnavigation voyage.1536 Inquisition begins in Portugal.1543 Portuguese merchants reach Japan.1557 Portuguese merchants granted Chinese territory of Macau for trading factory.1572 Luís de Camões publishes epic poem, Os Lusíadas.1578 Battle of Alcácer-Quivir; Moroccan forces defeat army of King Sebastião of Portugal; King Sebastião dies in battle. Portuguese succession crisis.1580 King Phillip II of Spain claims and conquers Portugal; Spanish rule of Portugal, 1580-1640.1607-24 Dutch conquer sections of Asia and Brazil formerly held by Portugal.1640 1 December: Portuguese revolution in Lisbon overthrows Spanish rule, restores independence. Beginning of Portugal's Braganza royal dynasty.1654 Following Dutch invasions and conquest of parts of Brazil and Angola, Dutch expelled by force.1661 Anglo-Portuguese Alliance treaty signed: England pledges to defend Portugal "as if it were England itself." Queen Catherine of Bra-ganza marries England's Charles II.1668 February: In Portuguese-Spanish peace treaty, Spain recognizes independence of Portugal, thus ending 28-year War of Restoration.1703 Methuen Treaties signed, key commercial trade agreement and defense treaty between England and Portugal.1750 Pombal becomes chief minister of King José I.1755 1 November: Massive Lisbon earthquake, tidal wave, and fire.1759 Expulsion of Jesuits from Portugal and colonies.1761 Slavery abolished in continental Portugal.1769 Abandonment of Mazagão, Morocco, last Portuguese outpost.1777 Pombal dismissed as chief minister by Queen Maria I, after death of José I.1791 Portugal and United States establish full diplomatic relations.1807 November: First Napoleonic invasion; French forces under Junot conquer Portugal. Royal family flees to colony of Brazil and remains there until 1821.1809 Second French invasion of Portugal under General Soult.1811 Third French invasion of Portugal under General Masséna.1813 Following British general Wellington's military victories, French forces evacuate Portugal.1817 Liberal, constitutional movements against absolutist monarchist rule break out in Brazil (Pernambuco) and Portugal (Lisbon, under General Gomes Freire); crushed by government. British marshal of Portugal's army, Beresford, rules Portugal.Liberal insurrection in army officer corps breaks out in Cadiz, Spain, and influences similar movement in Portugal's armed forces first in Oporto.King João VI returns from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and early draft of constitution; era of constitutional monarchy begins.1822 7 September: João VI's son Pedro proclaims independence ofBrazil from Portugal and is named emperor. 23 September: Constitution of 1822 ratified.Portugal recognizes sovereign independence of Brazil.King João VI dies; power struggle for throne ensues between his sons, brothers Pedro and Miguel; Pedro, emperor of Brazil, abdicates Portuguese throne in favor of his daughter, D. Maria II, too young to assume crown. By agreement, Miguel, uncle of D. Maria, is to accept constitution and rule in her stead.1828 Miguel takes throne and abolishes constitution. Sections of Portugal rebel against Miguelite rule.1831 Emperor Pedro abdicates throne of Brazil and returns to Portugal to expel King Miguel from Portuguese throne.1832-34 Civil war between absolutist King Miguel and constitutionalist Pedro, who abandons throne of Brazil to restore his young daughter Maria to throne of Portugal; Miguel's armed forces defeated by those of Pedro. Miguel leaves for exile and constitution (1826 Charter) is restored.1834-53 Constitutional monarchy consolidated under rule of Queen Maria II, who dies in 1853.1851-71 Regeneration period of economic development and political stability; public works projects sponsored by Minister Fontes Pereira de Melo.1871-90 Rotativism period of alternating party governments; achieves political stability and less military intervention in politics and government. Expansion of colonial territory in tropical Africa.January: Following territorial dispute in central Africa, Britain delivers "Ultimatum" to Portugal demanding withdrawal of Portugal's forces from what is now Malawi and Zimbabwe. Portugal's government, humiliated in accepting demand under threat of a diplomatic break, falls. Beginning of governmental and political instability; monarchist decline and republicanism's rise.Anglo-Portuguese treaties signed relating to delimitation of frontiers in colonial Africa.1899 Treaty of Windsor; renewal of Anglo-Portuguese defense and friendship alliance.1903 Triumphal visit of King Edward VII to Portugal.1906 Politician João Franco supported by King Carlos I in dictatorship to restore order and reform.1908 1 February: Murder in Lisbon of King Carlos I and his heir apparent, Prince Dom Luís, by Portuguese anarchists. Eighteen-year-old King Manuel II assumes throne.1910 3-5 October: Following republican-led military insurrection in armed forces, monarchy falls and first Portuguese republic is proclaimed. Beginning of unstable, economically troubled, parliamentary republic form of government.May: Violent insurrection in Lisbon overturns government of General Pimenta de Castro; nearly a thousand casualties from several days of armed combat in capital.March: Following Portugal's honoring ally Britain's request to confiscate German shipping in Portuguese harbors, Germany declares war on Portugal; Portugal enters World War I on Allied side.Portugal organizes and dispatches Portuguese Expeditionary Corps to fight on the Western Front. 9 April: Portuguese forces mauled by German offensive in Battle of Lys. Food rationing and riots in Lisbon. Portuguese military operations in Mozambique against German expedition's invasion from German East Africa. 5 December: Authoritarian, presidentialist government under Major Sidónio Pais takes power in Lisbon, following a successful military coup.1918 11 November: Armistice brings cessation of hostilities on Western Front in World War I. Portuguese expeditionary forces stationed in Angola, Mozambique, and Flanders begin return trip to Portugal. 14 December: President Sidónio Pais assassinated. Chaotic period of ephemeral civil war ensues.1919-21 Excessively unstable political period, including January1919 abortive effort of Portuguese monarchists to restore Braganza dynasty to power. Republican forces prevail, but level of public violence, economic distress, and deprivation remains high.1921 October: Political violence attains peak with murder of former prime minister and other prominent political figures in Lisbon. Sectors of armed forces and Guarda Nacional Republicana are mutinous. Year of financial and corruption scandals, including Portuguese bank note (fraud) case; military court acquits guilty military insurrectionists, and one military judge declares "the country is sick."28 May: Republic overthrown by military coup or pronunciamento and conspiracy among officer corps. Parliament's doors locked and parliament closed for nearly nine years to January 1935. End of parliamentary republic, Western Europe's most unstable political system in this century, beginning of the Portuguese dictatorship, after 1930 known as the Estado Novo. Officer corps assumes reins of government, initiates military censorship of the press, and suppresses opposition.February: Military dictatorship under General Óscar Carmona crushes failed republican armed insurrection in Oporto and Lisbon.April: Military dictatorship names Professor Antônio de Oliveira Salazar minister of finance, with dictatorial powers over budget, to stabilize finances and rebuild economy. Insurrectionism among military elements continues into 1931.1930 Dr. Salazar named minister for colonies and announces balanced budgets. Salazar consolidates support by various means, including creation of official regime "movement," the National Union. Salazar engineers Colonial Act to ensure Lisbon's control of bankrupt African colonies by means of new fiscal controls and centralization of authority. July: Military dictatorship names Salazar prime minister for first time, and cabinet composition undergoes civilianization; academic colleagues and protégés plan conservative reform and rejuvenation of society, polity, and economy. Regime comes to be called the Estado Novo (New State). New State's constitution ratified by new parliament, the National Assembly; Portugal described in document as "unitary, corporative Republic" and governance influenced by Salazar's stern personality and doctrines such as integralism, Catholicism, and fiscal conservatism.1936 Violent instability and ensuing civil war in neighboring Spain, soon internationalized by fascist and communist intervention, shake Estado Novo regime. Pseudofascist period of regime features creation of imitation Fascist institutions to defend regime from leftist threats; Portugal institutes "Portuguese Youth" and "Portuguese Legion."1939 3 September: Prime Minister Salazar declares Portugal's neutrality in World War II. October: Anglo-Portuguese agreement grants naval and air base facilities to Britain and later to United States for Battle of the Atlantic and Normandy invasion support. Third Reich protests breach of Portugal's neutrality.6 June: On day of Allies' Normandy invasion, Portugal suspends mining and export of wolfram ore to both sides in war.8 May: Popular celebrations of Allied victory and Fascist defeat in Lisbon and Oporto coincide with Victory in Europe Day. Following managed elections for Estado Novo's National Assembly in November, regime police, renamed PIDE, with increased powers, represses opposition.1947 Abortive military coup in central Portugal easily crushed by regime. Independence of India and initiation of Indian protests against Portuguese colonial rule in Goa and other enclaves.1949 Portugal becomes founding member of NATO.1951 Portugal alters constitution and renames overseas colonies "Overseas Provinces." Portugal and United States sign military base agreements for use of air and naval facilities in Azores Islands and military aid to Lisbon. President Carmona dies in office, succeeded by General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58). July: Indians occupy enclave of Portuguese India (dependency of Damão) by means of passive resistance movement. August: Indian passive resistance movement in Portuguese India repelled by Portuguese forces with loss of life. December: With U.S. backing, Portugal admitted as member of United Nations (along with Spain). Air force general Humberto Delgado, in opposition, challenges Estado Novo's hand-picked successor to Craveiro Lopes, Admiral Américo Tomás. Delgado rallies coalition of democratic, liberal, and communist opposition but loses rigged election and later flees to exile in Brazil. Portugal joins European Free Trade Association (EFTA).January and February: Estado Novo rocked by armed African insurrection in northern Angola, crushed by armed forces. Hijacking of Portuguese ocean liner by ally of Delgado, Captain Henrique Galvão. April: Salazar defeats attempted military coup and reshuffles cabinet with group of younger figures who seek to reform colonial rule and strengthen the regime's image abroad. 18 December: Indian army rapidly defeats Portugal's defense force in Goa, Damão, and Diu and incorporates Portugal's Indian possessions into Indian Union. January: Abortive military coup in Beja, Portugal.1965 February: General Delgado and his Brazilian secretary murdered and secretly buried near Spanish frontier by political police, PIDE.1968 August and September: Prime Minister Salazar, aged 79, suffers crippling stoke. President Tomás names former cabinet officer Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor. Caetano institutes modest reforms in Portugal and overseas.1971 Caetano government ratifies amended constitution that allows slight devolution and autonomy to overseas provinces in Africa and Asia. Right-wing loyalists oppose reforms in Portugal. 25 April: Military coup engineered by Armed Forces Movement overthrows Estado Novo and establishes provisional government emphasizing democratization, development, and decolonization. Limited resistance by loyalists. President Tomás and Premier Caetano flown to exile first in Madeira and then in Brazil. General Spínola appointed president. September: Revolution moves to left, as President Spínola, thwarted in his program, resigns.March: Military coup by conservative forces fails, and leftist response includes nationalization of major portion of economy. Polarization between forces and parties of left and right. 25 November: Military coup by moderate military elements thwarts leftist forces. Constituent Assembly prepares constitution. Revolution moves from left to center and then right.March: Constitution ratified by Assembly of the Republic. 25 April: Second general legislative election gives largest share of seats to Socialist Party (PS). Former oppositionist lawyer, Mário Soares, elected deputy and named prime minister.1977-85 Political pendulum of democratic Portugal moves from center-left to center-right, as Social Democratic Party (PSD) increases hold on assembly and take office under Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. July1985 elections give edge to PSD who advocate strong free-enterprise measures and revision of leftist-generated 1976 Constitution, amended modestly in 1982.1986 January: Portugal joins European Economic Community (EEC).1987 July: General, legislative elections for assembly give more than 50 percent to PSD led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. For first time, since 1974, Portugal has a working majority government.1989 June: Following revisions of 1976 Constitution, reprivatization of economy begins, under PS government.January: Presidential elections, Mário Soares reelected for second term. July: General, legislative elections for assembly result in new PSD victory and majority government.January-July: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Economic Community (EEC). December: Tariff barriers fall as fully integrated Common Market established in the EEC.November: Treaty of Maastricht comes into force. The EEC officially becomes the European Union (EU). Portugal is signatory with 11 other member-nations.October: General, legislative elections for assembly result in PS victory and naming of Prime Minister Guterres. PS replace PSD as leading political party. November: Excavations for Lisbon bank uncover ancient Phoenician, Roman, and Christian ruins.January: General, presidential elections; socialist Jorge Sampaio defeats PSD's Cavaco Silva and assumes presidency from Dr. Mário Soares. July: Community of Portuguese Languages Countries (CPLP) cofounded by Portugal and Brazil.May-September: Expo '98 held in Lisbon. Opening of Vasco da Gama Bridge across Tagus River, Europe's longest (17 kilometers/ 11 miles). June: National referendum on abortion law change defeated after low voter turnout. November: National referendum on regionaliza-tion and devolution of power defeated after another low voter turnout.October: General, legislative elections: PS victory over PSD lacks clear majority in parliament. Following East Timor referendum, which votes for independence and withdrawal of Indonesia, outburst of popular outrage in streets, media, and communications of Portugal approves armed intervention and administration of United Nations (and withdrawal of Indonesia) in East Timor. Portugal and Indonesia restore diplomatic relations. December: A Special Territory since 1975, Colony of Macau transferred to sovereignty of People's Republic of China.January-June: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the EU; end of Discoveries Historical Commemoration Cycle (1988-2000).United Nations forces continue to occupy and administer former colony of East Timor, with Portugal's approval.January: General, presidential elections; PS president Sampaio reelected for second term. City of Oporto, "European City of Culture" for the year, hosts arts festival. December: Municipal elections: PSD defeats PS; socialist prime minister Guterres resigns; President Sampaio calls March parliamentary elections.1 January: Portugal enters single European Currency system. Euro currency adopted and ceases use of former national currency, the escudo. March: Parliamentary elections; PSD defeats PS and José Durão Barroso becomes prime minister. Military modernization law passed. Portugal holds chairmanship of Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).May: Municipal law passed permitting municipalities to reorganize in new ways.June: Prime Minister Durão Barroso, invited to succeed Romano Prodi as president of EU Commission, resigns. Pedro Santana Lopes becomes prime minister. European Parliament elections held. Conscription for national service in army and navy ended. Mass grave uncovered at Academy of Sciences Museum, Lisbon, revealing remains of several thousand victims of Lisbon earthquake, 1755.February: Parliamentary elections; PS defeats PSD, socialists win first absolute majority in parliament since 1975. José Sócrates becomes prime minister.January: Presidential elections; PSD candidate Aníbal Cavaco Silva elected and assumes presidency from Jorge Sampaio. Portugal's national soccer team ranked 7th out of 205 countries by international soccer association. European Union's Bologna Process in educational reform initiated in Portugal.July-December: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Union. For reasons of economy, Portugal announces closure of many consulates, especially in France and the eastern US. Government begins official inspections of private institutions of higher education, following scandals.2008 January: Prime Minister Sócrates announces location of new Lisbon area airport as Alcochete, on south bank of Tagus River, site of air force shooting range. February: Portuguese Army begins to receive new modern battle tanks (Leopard 2 A6). March: Mass protest of 85,000 public school (primary and secondary levels) teachers in Lisbon schools dispute recent educational policies of minister of education and prime minister. -
14 barrier to exit
Gen Mgta factor preventing a company from leaving a market in which it is currently doing business. A barrier to exit makes it difficult for a company to abandon an unprofitable product or service because of factors such as possession of specialist equipment only suited to the manufacture of one product, high costs of retraining the workforce in different skills, or the detrimental effect of withdrawing one product from a range on the rest of the product family. There may also be legal considerations or labor union agreements that prevent closure of a factory or redundancies. -
15 pension
[̘. ̈n. ̘ˑˈpenʃən]assistance pension денежное воспомоществование, пенсия по уходу basic pension основная пенсия basic pension component основная часть пенсионных выплат (начисляемая за основной социальный статус) basic pension security гарантии выплаты основной пенсии, пенсионное страхование capital pension fund основной пенсионный фонд capital pension savings account сберегательный счет пенсионного капитала change of generation pension пенсия по возрасту; пенсия выплачиваемая уволенным в связи с приходом молодого пополнения child's pension детская пенсия child's pension пенсия на ребенка children's pension пансион для детей civil servant's pension пенсия государственного служащего continued pension длительный пансион; непрерывно выплачиваемая пенсия contributory pension scheme программа пенсионного обеспечения за счет взносов deferred old age pension отсроченная пенсия по возрасту dependant's pension пенсия на иждивенца disablement pension пенсия по инвалидности disablement pension пособие по инвалидности early old age pension досрочная пенсия по старости early retirement pension пенсия досрочно вышедшего в отставку early retirement pension пенсия при досрочной отставке earnings-related pension пенсия, зависящая от заработка earnings-related pension пенсия начисляемая в зависимости от заработной платы (на последнем месте работы или в соответствии с установленным порядком) employment accident pension пенсия по случаю производственной травмы employment pension пенсия employment pension cover охват пенсионным обеспечением employment pension index пенсионный индекс наемных работников entitlement to pension право на получение пенсии farm closure pension пенсия в связи с разорением фермы flat-rate pension фиксированная ставка пенсии flexible pension arrangements гибкая пенсионная система front veteran's pension пенсия ветерана-фронтовика full pension полная пенсия full-scale national pension государственная пенсия в полном размере government pension государственная пенсия income-related pension пенсия, связанная с доходом indexed pension scheme программа пенсионного обеспечения с индексацией individual early invalidity pension индивидуальная досрочная пенсия по инвалидности instalment pension выплата пенсии частями invalidity pension пенсия по инвалидности labour market pension пенсия на рынке труда maintenace of the value of the pension поддержание ценности пенсии (учитывая либо индекс роста цен, либо индекс роста зарплаты) minimum old-age pension минимальный размер пенсии по старости minimum pension минимальная пенсия national old age invalidity and unemployment pension национальная пенсия по старости инвалидности и безработице national pension государственная пенсия national pension национальная пенсия noncontributory pension scheme система пенсионного обеспечения не на основе взносов occupational pension профессиональная пенсия occupational pension scheme программа пенсионного обеспечения на рынке труда occupational pension scheme система профессиональных пенсий occurence of pension contingency наступление пенсионного страхового случая old age pension соц. пенсия по старости old-age pension пенсия по старости orphan's pension сиротская пенсия overall pension общая пенсия; предельная пенсия overall pension полная пенсия parallel pension параллельная пенсия part-time pension неполная пенсия partial invalidity pension неполная пенсия по инвалидности; частичная пенсия по инвалидности pay-as-you-go pension system пенсионная система использующая все поступающие взносы в фонд на выплату пенсии за текущий период pension арендная плата pension давать субсидию pension ежегодная плата, аннуитет pension назначать пенсию; субсидировать; pension off увольнять на пенсию pension назначать пенсию pension пансион pension пансион pension пенсия; пособие pension пенсия pension пособие pension субсидировать pension субсидия pension for accident at work пособие по случаю производственной травмы pension in respect of occupational disease пособие по случаю профессионального заболевания pension назначать пенсию; субсидировать; pension off увольнять на пенсию personal pension персональная пенсия premium capital pension пенсия из фонда социального обеспечения retirement pension пенсия retirement pension пенсия за выслугу лет retirement pension пенсия по возрасту retirement pension пенсия по старости retirment pension пенсия по старости right to a pension право на пенсию self-employed person's pension пенсия работающего на себя social insurance pension пенсия из фонда социального страхования social pension социальная пенсия social security pension пенсия из фонда социального обеспечения spouse pension пенсия, выплачиваемая мужу spouse pension пенсия, выплачиваемая жене spouse's pension пенсия супруга (супруги) starting pension начальная пенсия state pension государственная пенсия supplementary pension добавка к пенсии supplementary pension дополнительная пенсия surviving dependants' pension пенсия пережившим иждивенцам surviving spouse's pension пенсия вдовы (вдовца) survivor's pension пенсия лица пережившего кормильца survivor's pension пенсия по случаю потери кормильца total pension общая пенсия unemployment pension пенсия по безработице welfare pension пенсия из фондов социального обеспечения widow's pension пенсия вдове widow's pension пенсия вдовы widower's pension пенсия вдовца widower's pension пенсия вдовцу
См. также в других словарях:
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